CV Raman, chief GM in Maruti Suzuki’s engineering division, has the answers. “In most cases, the same model usually has different engine capacities when it comes to diesel and petrol versions,” he says. “And the diesel is generally bigger.” Case in point: The Hindustan Ambassador with a 1.8L MPFI petrol engine and 2.0L diesel power plant.
But big doesn’t always guarantee a higher price as new car prices suggest. The secret lies somewhere else. Raman also points out that a contemporary diesel engine e.g. common rail direct injection (CRDI), uses more expensive components than a similar petrol engine. “A diesel generates more heat. Unlike a petrol engine, a diesel doesn’t have spark plugs to ignite the fuel-air mixture. The ignition happens when it intakes air and compresses it. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel,” explains Raman. So, the high operating temperature ensures that the diesel enjoys premium treatment when it comes to component quality.
Along with expensive components, most oilburners also come fitted with turbochargers and this increases the overall price as well. A turbocharger is a forced induction system that increases an engine’s horsepower without adding too much weight. It compresses the air that flows into the engine. This means that more air can be squeezed into the cylinder, and more air means more fuel can be subsequently added to create greater power during combustion.
Well, so far so good. But then Gupta’s retailer also mentioned to him that the diesel Swift would ensure better fuel efficiency. And again the would-be car buyer wanted to know why. Well, this time the answer lies in the inherent quality of diesel.
It takes less refining to create diesel which explains its slightly lower cost. Also it is more oily and heavy than petrol for which it evaporates slowly (in fact diesel’s boiling point is higher than water). Diesel also posseses more carbon atoms in longer chains than gasoline which explains its higher energy density than petrol. This coupled with efficient engines gives diesel cars the tag of being more fuel efficient.
Also, in environmental terms diesel emits very low quantities of hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide — the ones responsible for global warming. The disadvantage lies in the fact that burning diesel emits high amounts of nitrogen compounds and particulate matter, also known as soot. But continuous advancements in technology coupled with ultra-low-sulphur diesel have managed to cut this down by over 90%. And if automobile experts are to be believed, this is just the beginning.
28 February, 2009
Chevron to exit RPL, sell 5% to RIL
Moving closer to merging its refinery subsidiary Reliance Petroleum with itself, Reliance Industries Ltd has said it will buyout US
energy major Chevron Corp's stake in RPL.
RIL will buy 22.50 crore equity shares or five per cent of RPL's equity from Chevron. This will raise its stake in the company to 75.38 per cent, besides its board is meeting on Monday to consider buying the rest.
It was not immediately clear at what price RIL is acquiring Chevron's five per cent stake. Sources, however, said the deal would be at Rs 60 a share, the same price at which the US firm had bought five per cent stake in RPL in April 2006.
When contacted, a RIL spokesperson confirmed the buyout but did not indicate the buyout price. Chevron had acquired 22.5 crore shares in RPL as part of an Equity Investment Agreement with RIL.
As per this agreement, RPL and Chevron were to enter into crude supply and product off-take agreements.
"Chevron, RIL and RPL have jointly decided not to proceed with the conclusion of these agreements. Consequently, RIL shall purchase 22.50 crore shares of RPL from Chevron," a RIL statement said.
The Equity Investment Agreement also provided that, in case these agreements are not executed, Chevron shall sell and RIL shall buy the five per cent shares of RPL.
On execution of these crude supply and product off-take agreements and certain other agreements, Chevron was to purchase additional 24 per cent stake in RPL from RIL.
However, RIL's holding in RPL will increase from 70.38 per cent to 75.38 per cent after the purchase. RPL in December commissioned its only-for-exports 5,80,000 bpd refinery.
"RIL, with its experience in sourcing of crude and placement of refined products in international markets for the existing refinery at Jamnagar, has chalked out strategy for sourcing of crude, product optimization and placement of products for both the refineries of RIL and RPL," the statement added.
Besides, in two separate filings yesterday, RIL and RPL said that a meeting of the board of directors will be held on March 2, to consider and recommend the amalgamation of Reliance Petroleum and Reliance Industries, the country's most valued firm in terms of market capitalisation.
The merger will make RIL one of the world's largest refiners.
energy major Chevron Corp's stake in RPL.
RIL will buy 22.50 crore equity shares or five per cent of RPL's equity from Chevron. This will raise its stake in the company to 75.38 per cent, besides its board is meeting on Monday to consider buying the rest.
It was not immediately clear at what price RIL is acquiring Chevron's five per cent stake. Sources, however, said the deal would be at Rs 60 a share, the same price at which the US firm had bought five per cent stake in RPL in April 2006.
When contacted, a RIL spokesperson confirmed the buyout but did not indicate the buyout price. Chevron had acquired 22.5 crore shares in RPL as part of an Equity Investment Agreement with RIL.
As per this agreement, RPL and Chevron were to enter into crude supply and product off-take agreements.
"Chevron, RIL and RPL have jointly decided not to proceed with the conclusion of these agreements. Consequently, RIL shall purchase 22.50 crore shares of RPL from Chevron," a RIL statement said.
The Equity Investment Agreement also provided that, in case these agreements are not executed, Chevron shall sell and RIL shall buy the five per cent shares of RPL.
On execution of these crude supply and product off-take agreements and certain other agreements, Chevron was to purchase additional 24 per cent stake in RPL from RIL.
However, RIL's holding in RPL will increase from 70.38 per cent to 75.38 per cent after the purchase. RPL in December commissioned its only-for-exports 5,80,000 bpd refinery.
"RIL, with its experience in sourcing of crude and placement of refined products in international markets for the existing refinery at Jamnagar, has chalked out strategy for sourcing of crude, product optimization and placement of products for both the refineries of RIL and RPL," the statement added.
Besides, in two separate filings yesterday, RIL and RPL said that a meeting of the board of directors will be held on March 2, to consider and recommend the amalgamation of Reliance Petroleum and Reliance Industries, the country's most valued firm in terms of market capitalisation.
The merger will make RIL one of the world's largest refiners.
Get ready for the BULL
Is this the right time to invest? Will the downturn continue? A few simple rules that help you spot the beginning of a bull market
The question, though very simple, raises a naive yet tricky subject — how to read the first signs of a turnaround. Here’s a ready reckoner to help you find out where the seeds of a new bull market are getting sown.
NATURE OF RALLY
First things first. As an investor, your first priority should be to figure out the nature of the rally in process. You must assess whether the market rally is a broad-based one or sector centric. Says Anup Bagchi of ICICIDirect; “You must remember that sector specific rallies cannot get converted into structural bull runs as was the case in 1992 and 2001, where the rally was concentrated towards the old economy and tech sectors, respectively.”
It is advisable to look at the broader pattern of the rally to identify if it is indeed a case of bulls getting back to business. According to Bagchi, though there will be sectors that will outperform every other sector, this outperformance cannot be recognised as a bull run and will not continue for long. The sector centric rallies are generally characterised by the good amount of sector rotation.
VOLATILITY INDEX
Then there is Volatility Index (VIX), or Fear Index, as it is better known. For starters, the index is a measure of the market volatility. It gauges the amount by which an underlying index is expected to fluctuate over the next 30 days. Right now, the VIX is trading in the low 40s on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), which indicates that the equity market can witness a uptrend or downtrend to the extent of 40% over the next month. Typically, a high VIX indicates that investor fear has increased. In a stable market, VIX is generally trading below 10. You can keep a tab on this wonderful tool to get the first clue on revival of a bull run. Once the volatility dips below 20, you will be much more safer investing.
M-CAP TO GDP RATIO
This estimate is a popular method of looking at whether the markets have bottomed out or not. As a rule of thumb, it is believed that when market-capitalisation to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio goes above one, the equity market starts getting attractively valued. “For instance, the average m-cap to GDP ratio for Sensex has averaged between 45-48% and in December 2007, this ratio was 1.78 and the rest is history,” says Bagchi of ICICIdirect.
DAILY MOVING AVERAGE
To judge the first call on a bull market, another parameter you can look at is Daily Moving Average (DMA). In a bull market, the index will be above its 200 simple moving average and stock value (at least major Nifty stocks) will be above its 200 DMA. “As long as Sensex/Nifty/stocks stay below its 50, 100, 200 SDMA, the market is said to be bearish. Once the index is below its 50 SDMA due to bearishness, it will start to bounce back, which in turn takes Nifty/Sensex/stock towards its respective 50 DMA, 100 or 200 DMA,” says Alex Mathew, head of research at Geojit Financial Services.
To explain this phenomenon, Matthew cites an example where spot Nifty is at 2934, Nifty 50 DMA is at 2864, 100 DMA at 3100 and its 200 DMA is at 3822. “In a bear market, as the Nifty is above its 50 DMA will have an inclination to test its 100 DMA of 3100 or sometimes even 200 DMA of 3822. These upward movements are said to be bear market rallies,” he says. According to him, higher trading volumes and low impact cost are main characteristics of a bull run.
OTHER FOOTPRINTS
Apart from the above mentioned yardsticks, there are some other clues that you can look at. Analysts say a take-off in the equity markets is typically marked by low inflation, low interest rates, earning yield to bond yield more than 1.5, historical valuation multiples like price to book value (P/BV) ratio, easy monetary policy, high liquidity, buybacks, dearth of new IPOs and weak hands vs strong hands (retail investors in extremely pessimistic mood selling out to strong institutional
hands). In case of P/BV ratio, it is advisable to look at past data as to how the multiples have expanded or contracted vis-à-vis the inherent value in the balance sheet.
There are, however, a few things that you need to keep in mind. “One, markets would bottom out much before the economy does — typically two quarters in advance to when actual revival in economy takes place — measured by quarterly profits of companies. Two, bull markets are born out of excesses of bear markets and vice versa. It is a cycle since times immemorial and nothing is a perpetuity. Three, bear markets typically last between 18-24 months — we are already into the 14th month of this current bear market and time is just ripe for the next bull run to begin,” says Manish Sonthalia, fund manager at Motilal Oswal Securities.
HOW TO GAIN
All in all, your ideal strategy to gain the most out of an emerging bull run should be to focus on buying fundamentally sound large-cap stocks, against mid-cap or small-cap scrips. Historical patterns show that it is large-caps which lead from the front in any bull market rally. The small-cap and the penny stocks are typically the last to move in any bull market. “Ironically the retail investor play it the other way around,” says Sonthalia.
According to him, sector wise, banking and auto sectors — being direct plays on the economy — are the first to move up. If stock prices of companies in these sectors move up and sustain at higher levels, it is almost a sure sign that the economy is moving up again and the bull market has begun. “These would also have to be substantiated by volume numbers and profits reported by companies in these sectors. If you can move quickly and buy stocks in these sectors early in the cycle, it can give you humungous profits,” says Sonthalia. He refers to the case of Tata Motors (then Telco) which moved from Rs 60 in 2002 to over Rs 900 in the next five years.
Analysts reckon that there are apparent signs that the current bear market may soon end. There is abundant capital waiting on the sidelines to be invested and at the first signs of some stability in the US, Indian markets would take-off. As the old saying goes on Wall Street — No one rings the bell at the peak of the bull market and at the bottom of the bear market. You have to take your own call while committing your capital by sticking to your own style of investing.
BEAR MARKET SYMPTOMS
• NSE volatility index (VIX) remains above 40%
• Volume traded is low
• Many stocks hitting 52-week lows or trading below it
• Continuous uptrend is not expected in the market
• Selective stocks move up
The question, though very simple, raises a naive yet tricky subject — how to read the first signs of a turnaround. Here’s a ready reckoner to help you find out where the seeds of a new bull market are getting sown.
NATURE OF RALLY
First things first. As an investor, your first priority should be to figure out the nature of the rally in process. You must assess whether the market rally is a broad-based one or sector centric. Says Anup Bagchi of ICICIDirect; “You must remember that sector specific rallies cannot get converted into structural bull runs as was the case in 1992 and 2001, where the rally was concentrated towards the old economy and tech sectors, respectively.”
It is advisable to look at the broader pattern of the rally to identify if it is indeed a case of bulls getting back to business. According to Bagchi, though there will be sectors that will outperform every other sector, this outperformance cannot be recognised as a bull run and will not continue for long. The sector centric rallies are generally characterised by the good amount of sector rotation.
VOLATILITY INDEX
Then there is Volatility Index (VIX), or Fear Index, as it is better known. For starters, the index is a measure of the market volatility. It gauges the amount by which an underlying index is expected to fluctuate over the next 30 days. Right now, the VIX is trading in the low 40s on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), which indicates that the equity market can witness a uptrend or downtrend to the extent of 40% over the next month. Typically, a high VIX indicates that investor fear has increased. In a stable market, VIX is generally trading below 10. You can keep a tab on this wonderful tool to get the first clue on revival of a bull run. Once the volatility dips below 20, you will be much more safer investing.
M-CAP TO GDP RATIO
This estimate is a popular method of looking at whether the markets have bottomed out or not. As a rule of thumb, it is believed that when market-capitalisation to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio goes above one, the equity market starts getting attractively valued. “For instance, the average m-cap to GDP ratio for Sensex has averaged between 45-48% and in December 2007, this ratio was 1.78 and the rest is history,” says Bagchi of ICICIdirect.
DAILY MOVING AVERAGE
To judge the first call on a bull market, another parameter you can look at is Daily Moving Average (DMA). In a bull market, the index will be above its 200 simple moving average and stock value (at least major Nifty stocks) will be above its 200 DMA. “As long as Sensex/Nifty/stocks stay below its 50, 100, 200 SDMA, the market is said to be bearish. Once the index is below its 50 SDMA due to bearishness, it will start to bounce back, which in turn takes Nifty/Sensex/stock towards its respective 50 DMA, 100 or 200 DMA,” says Alex Mathew, head of research at Geojit Financial Services.
To explain this phenomenon, Matthew cites an example where spot Nifty is at 2934, Nifty 50 DMA is at 2864, 100 DMA at 3100 and its 200 DMA is at 3822. “In a bear market, as the Nifty is above its 50 DMA will have an inclination to test its 100 DMA of 3100 or sometimes even 200 DMA of 3822. These upward movements are said to be bear market rallies,” he says. According to him, higher trading volumes and low impact cost are main characteristics of a bull run.
OTHER FOOTPRINTS
Apart from the above mentioned yardsticks, there are some other clues that you can look at. Analysts say a take-off in the equity markets is typically marked by low inflation, low interest rates, earning yield to bond yield more than 1.5, historical valuation multiples like price to book value (P/BV) ratio, easy monetary policy, high liquidity, buybacks, dearth of new IPOs and weak hands vs strong hands (retail investors in extremely pessimistic mood selling out to strong institutional
hands). In case of P/BV ratio, it is advisable to look at past data as to how the multiples have expanded or contracted vis-à-vis the inherent value in the balance sheet.
There are, however, a few things that you need to keep in mind. “One, markets would bottom out much before the economy does — typically two quarters in advance to when actual revival in economy takes place — measured by quarterly profits of companies. Two, bull markets are born out of excesses of bear markets and vice versa. It is a cycle since times immemorial and nothing is a perpetuity. Three, bear markets typically last between 18-24 months — we are already into the 14th month of this current bear market and time is just ripe for the next bull run to begin,” says Manish Sonthalia, fund manager at Motilal Oswal Securities.
HOW TO GAIN
All in all, your ideal strategy to gain the most out of an emerging bull run should be to focus on buying fundamentally sound large-cap stocks, against mid-cap or small-cap scrips. Historical patterns show that it is large-caps which lead from the front in any bull market rally. The small-cap and the penny stocks are typically the last to move in any bull market. “Ironically the retail investor play it the other way around,” says Sonthalia.
According to him, sector wise, banking and auto sectors — being direct plays on the economy — are the first to move up. If stock prices of companies in these sectors move up and sustain at higher levels, it is almost a sure sign that the economy is moving up again and the bull market has begun. “These would also have to be substantiated by volume numbers and profits reported by companies in these sectors. If you can move quickly and buy stocks in these sectors early in the cycle, it can give you humungous profits,” says Sonthalia. He refers to the case of Tata Motors (then Telco) which moved from Rs 60 in 2002 to over Rs 900 in the next five years.
Analysts reckon that there are apparent signs that the current bear market may soon end. There is abundant capital waiting on the sidelines to be invested and at the first signs of some stability in the US, Indian markets would take-off. As the old saying goes on Wall Street — No one rings the bell at the peak of the bull market and at the bottom of the bear market. You have to take your own call while committing your capital by sticking to your own style of investing.
BEAR MARKET SYMPTOMS
• NSE volatility index (VIX) remains above 40%
• Volume traded is low
• Many stocks hitting 52-week lows or trading below it
• Continuous uptrend is not expected in the market
• Selective stocks move up
Public sector oil firms slash jet fuel price by 7%
State-run fuel retailers on Saturday slashed jet fuel or ATF rates by a further seven per cent, making it the 11th reduction since September last year.
Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) prices in Delhi were slashed by Rs 2,052 per kilolitre to Rs 27,106 per kl, effective midnight tonight, an official of Indian Oil Corp, the nation's largest fuel retailer, said.But for the one-off 3.3 per cent increase in rates on January 16, jet fuel prices are declining in tandem with the fall in international oil rates.
In Mumbai, home to the nation's busiest airport, ATF rates were down to Rs 27,861 per kl from Rs 29,985.19 per kl.The reduction in jet fuel prices announced today varied from airport to airport depending on local taxes and levies and an on average worked out to Rs 2,125 per kl.ATF prices had peaked to Rs 71,028.26 per kl (in Delhi) in August on international crude prices touching historic high of $147 a barrel. But they have since been slashed every month till October and twice in November.After the 11th reduction, jet fuel are hovering at early 2005 levels.State-run Indian Oil Corp, Hindustan Petroleum and Bharat Petroleum revise ATF rates on the 1st and 16th of every month based on the average international jet fuel rates in the preceding fortnight.
25 February, 2009
NASA's mission failed
The Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO), NASA’s satellite to track CO2 emissions on Earth, failed to reach orbit after blasting off early this morning, crashing in the waters off of Antarctica and dashing hopes for the $278-million mission.The payload fairing—a shroud that covered the OCO to protect it during its trip through the atmosphere—failed to separate from the Taurus XL booster rocket carrying the satellite after it took off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 1:55 A.M. Pacific time (4:55 A.M. Eastern time), NASA said. “The satellite reentered the atmosphere and fell into the ocean just short of Antarctica,” Alan Buis, a spokesperson for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, tells us. “The mission is lost.
24 February, 2009
NASA to launch CO2 tracking satellite
WASHINGTON: Scientists hope to get a clearer picture of how the Earth reacts to carbon dioxide with the launch on Tuesday of a new spacecraft
designed to collect data on the climate-changing gas. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is set for launch early on Tuesday from California and will take about eight million measurements every 16 days for the next two years. Researchers said the information will give them a picture of how the carbon cycle affects climate and how net emissions vary by region. The goal is to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) sources and so-called "sinks" that pull the gas from the atmosphere. Scientists know that only about 40 percent of the CO2 released since the Industrial Revolution remains in the atmosphere. They can only account for the absorption of another 30 percent, leaving questions about what happened to the 30 percent. More complete measurements from the observatory should give them a better picture of where the carbon dioxide is being stored and how it changes over time. It should also help account for the uneven absorption of the gas from year-to-year, which does not correspond consistently with how much is released each year. "It's critical that we understand the processes controlling carbon dioxide in our atmosphere today so we can predict how fast it will build up in the future and how quickly we'll have to adapt to climate change caused by carbon dioxide buildup," scientist David Crisp said. Previous measurements of carbon dioxide have relied heavily on Earth-based observations and occasional images from aircraft.
designed to collect data on the climate-changing gas. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory is set for launch early on Tuesday from California and will take about eight million measurements every 16 days for the next two years. Researchers said the information will give them a picture of how the carbon cycle affects climate and how net emissions vary by region. The goal is to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) sources and so-called "sinks" that pull the gas from the atmosphere. Scientists know that only about 40 percent of the CO2 released since the Industrial Revolution remains in the atmosphere. They can only account for the absorption of another 30 percent, leaving questions about what happened to the 30 percent. More complete measurements from the observatory should give them a better picture of where the carbon dioxide is being stored and how it changes over time. It should also help account for the uneven absorption of the gas from year-to-year, which does not correspond consistently with how much is released each year. "It's critical that we understand the processes controlling carbon dioxide in our atmosphere today so we can predict how fast it will build up in the future and how quickly we'll have to adapt to climate change caused by carbon dioxide buildup," scientist David Crisp said. Previous measurements of carbon dioxide have relied heavily on Earth-based observations and occasional images from aircraft.
22 February, 2009
Become your own financial planner
Human life value
If you're a young person and think that financial planning must be undertaken only when you are older, with a family and have greater liabilities in life, you're sadly mistaken. On the contrary, the earlier you start planning, the better.While it may be great to have a financial planner to help you out, there is no stopping you from trying to do this yourself. To help you become your own financial planner, SundayET begins with the basic premise of how to calculate your Human Life Value (HLV), based on which you can plan your further investments.
The Defining number
According to Kunj Bansal, senior vice-president (portfolio management services) at Kotak Securities, "Human Life Value (HLV) is nothing but the money that you are going to make over the rest of your life. It is the present value of all that you are likely to earn in the future." Over a period of time, however, the process of calculating this has been modified to include the element of expenditure. So, in addition to your salary, it also takes into account the amount you are likely to spend in the remaining years of your life.Further elements have also been factored in such as already existing savings and bank deposits while other aspects like the house you are living in and the gold that you possess will be discounted.
Finding your HLV
Arriving at this figure can be as complicated or simple as you would like it to be, depending on all the elements that you include in the process of drawing your conclusions. However, for practical purposes, here’s a very simple way of arriving at this figure. Keep addingStart off with a basic figure such as your annual income. Use this to calculate your remaining earning capacity. For instance if you are 30 and are most likely to work till the age of 60, then you would need to work out how much you are likely to earn over the next 30 years of your life.Add your current savings to this. Savings in this case, would mean what is available to you in the form of liquid cash and fixed-deposits. "Once you have done this, formulate the present value of all the future earnings and you will then arrive at what is called the Gross HLV," says Mohit Thadani, head advisory, wealth management, Motilal Oswal Financial Services.
Begin subtracting
From the gross HLV, you need to deduct the expenses that you are likely to face on a daily basis such as those required to meet household expenses. You also need to factor in the taxes you are meant to pay if you haven’t already deducted it while calculating your income.Also deduct current financial assets from the gross figure. Keep a calculator near you because more subtraction follows. "Next, you will need to deduct all the one-time planned expenditures that you are likely to come across in your lifetime," explains Bansal. For this, you will need to know the approximate amount that you are likely to spend on buying your dream house.If you have kids, you should have an idea of whether you want to set your kid to study abroad or within the country and determine the kinds of costs that will be involved. And then comes the large, but often, unavoidable expenditure that is involved in your child’s marriage. And then, the expenses that could suddenly arise in the case of an emergency.
Net HLV
After all these deductions, the figure that you finally arrive at will be your net HLV or your expected HLV. Based on this figure, you need to plan your investment pattern.According to Thadani "It is imperative for an individual to work out his/her own economic value, so as to create replacement for his/her earnings in case of his/her demise – either through insurance coverage or through utilising his/her current wealth or combination of both."While things may vary according to your risk appetite, the key remains in investing in instruments- be it debt, equity, gold or real estate- which match the time frame that you have in mind and provide you with the adequate returns.
Other adjustments
While the method mentioned above is the most basic, there are a few more points that could come in handy. You would need to make adjustments to the basic calculations to include the possibility of salary rises or even job cuts in the present situation. Some people also include the life expectancy of the spouse while arriving at HLV. Bansal adds "Individuals also need to prepare themselves for a low-interest regime. As the economy develops, individuals should not expect the high rates of interest that they were used to getting in the past."
Ready Reckoner for Tax Planning
Filing of income tax returns is a civil responsibility of all eligible citizens of the country. However the procedures involved bog down even the
best of professionals. We at ETIG make an effort to ease the task of filing return of income (ROI) for our readers. Some of the basic queries and rules that individuals must bear in mind while filing their tax returns are highlighted below.
LAST DATE FOR FILING ROI :For all other assessees who have to get their books of account audited under Income Tax law the last date of filing return of income is Sept 30, 2009, else July 31, 2009. If individuals file their returns after the last date mentioned above, they will be charged a penal interest at the rate of 1% per month of delay. However, if such a return is filed after March 31, 2010, apart from the penal interest, they will also be liable for a penalty of Rs 5,000 PHYSICAL FILING OF ROI: The return should be filed with the Assessing Officer (AO) who assessed taxpayer in the preceding assessment year or to whom the records have since been transferred. The new assessee should file return to the AO, who has territorial jurisdiction over the residence or the principal place of business of the assessee.
FILING OF E-RETURN: An individual having PAN and who has income from ‘salaries’ but does not have income from 'profit and gains of business or profession' and who is assessed in any of the specified city may, at his option, may furnish his income tax return on internet. However it is compulsory for companies to file electronic returns.
ROI OF MINOR CHILD: A minor child is not required to file a separate return of income. However, this income has to be included in the hands of either of the parents, although it might be a small amount of bank interest
best of professionals. We at ETIG make an effort to ease the task of filing return of income (ROI) for our readers. Some of the basic queries and rules that individuals must bear in mind while filing their tax returns are highlighted below.
LAST DATE FOR FILING ROI :For all other assessees who have to get their books of account audited under Income Tax law the last date of filing return of income is Sept 30, 2009, else July 31, 2009. If individuals file their returns after the last date mentioned above, they will be charged a penal interest at the rate of 1% per month of delay. However, if such a return is filed after March 31, 2010, apart from the penal interest, they will also be liable for a penalty of Rs 5,000 PHYSICAL FILING OF ROI: The return should be filed with the Assessing Officer (AO) who assessed taxpayer in the preceding assessment year or to whom the records have since been transferred. The new assessee should file return to the AO, who has territorial jurisdiction over the residence or the principal place of business of the assessee.
FILING OF E-RETURN: An individual having PAN and who has income from ‘salaries’ but does not have income from 'profit and gains of business or profession' and who is assessed in any of the specified city may, at his option, may furnish his income tax return on internet. However it is compulsory for companies to file electronic returns.
ROI OF MINOR CHILD: A minor child is not required to file a separate return of income. However, this income has to be included in the hands of either of the parents, although it might be a small amount of bank interest
Silver outshines gold in return
Everyone's talking about gold and its glitter but check the returns silver
has delivered this year. After falling around 10% in 2008, silver has outperformed its much hallowed yellow counterpart. Based on Saturday's closing in the Mumbai bullion market, ready silver (.999) at Rs 23,230 per kg has given returns of 28% this year. In comparison, gold (99.5 purity) has returned 17%. Analysts say silver has the potential to outperform gold in future too and investors should keep their eyes open while parking their money in the precious metals space. While silver fluctuated in the wide range of Rs 16,400 to Rs 27,000 in 2008, and finally ended the year 2008 at levels which were around 10% lower than in 2007, gold has had an unprecedented bull run and finished 2008 with over 20% returns. This at times when stock markets were down, enhanced the proposition of gold for investors, say market experts. But commodity gurus like Jim Rogers have been betting on silver for sometime. He has recently announced that if pushed to choose between the two precious metals, the Singapore-based investor would choose silver. When TOI contacted him on silver's fortunes, the man who was one of the first to call the commodities boom right said, "I own it." People like him, who own silver in India have seen the metal rise from Rs 18,100 per kilo (on December 31, 2008) to Rs 23,320 in around 50 days in Mumbai bullion market. This is no different from what has happened in other bullion markets like those at Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Indore and Kolkata. Gold, which started the year at which Rs 13,435/gm, closed at Rs 15,745/gm on Saturday-giving close to 17% returns in the same period. Though people may be obsessed with tracking gold prices, precious metal experts believe that silver has the potential to outperform gold in future also. Like gold made an all-time high the past week, silver too climbed to a five-month high. "If one has Rs 100 to invest in precious metals, he/she could invest Rs 60 in silver and the rest (Rs 40) in gold. It's a good investment option," Mandar Pote, who tracks bullion at Angel Commodities said. At commodity exchanges such as NCDEX and MCX, silver has been the top gainer amongst commodities with 9-10% gain this week while gold was the second best giving returns of 7-8%, data shows. According to investment advisory firm SMC Global, silver contracts for March delivery at MCX are showing an uptrend while the weekly stock position shows rise of 3,649 kilograms for the week ended February 19.
has delivered this year. After falling around 10% in 2008, silver has outperformed its much hallowed yellow counterpart. Based on Saturday's closing in the Mumbai bullion market, ready silver (.999) at Rs 23,230 per kg has given returns of 28% this year. In comparison, gold (99.5 purity) has returned 17%. Analysts say silver has the potential to outperform gold in future too and investors should keep their eyes open while parking their money in the precious metals space. While silver fluctuated in the wide range of Rs 16,400 to Rs 27,000 in 2008, and finally ended the year 2008 at levels which were around 10% lower than in 2007, gold has had an unprecedented bull run and finished 2008 with over 20% returns. This at times when stock markets were down, enhanced the proposition of gold for investors, say market experts. But commodity gurus like Jim Rogers have been betting on silver for sometime. He has recently announced that if pushed to choose between the two precious metals, the Singapore-based investor would choose silver. When TOI contacted him on silver's fortunes, the man who was one of the first to call the commodities boom right said, "I own it." People like him, who own silver in India have seen the metal rise from Rs 18,100 per kilo (on December 31, 2008) to Rs 23,320 in around 50 days in Mumbai bullion market. This is no different from what has happened in other bullion markets like those at Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Indore and Kolkata. Gold, which started the year at which Rs 13,435/gm, closed at Rs 15,745/gm on Saturday-giving close to 17% returns in the same period. Though people may be obsessed with tracking gold prices, precious metal experts believe that silver has the potential to outperform gold in future also. Like gold made an all-time high the past week, silver too climbed to a five-month high. "If one has Rs 100 to invest in precious metals, he/she could invest Rs 60 in silver and the rest (Rs 40) in gold. It's a good investment option," Mandar Pote, who tracks bullion at Angel Commodities said. At commodity exchanges such as NCDEX and MCX, silver has been the top gainer amongst commodities with 9-10% gain this week while gold was the second best giving returns of 7-8%, data shows. According to investment advisory firm SMC Global, silver contracts for March delivery at MCX are showing an uptrend while the weekly stock position shows rise of 3,649 kilograms for the week ended February 19.
21 February, 2009
Disadvantages of Mutual Fund
Drawbacks of Mutual Funds
Mutual Funds, like every investment, have their own share of advantages and disadvantages. Before you venture out to make your investment in Mutual Funds, it is advisable that you do a thorough study of the pros and cons of Mutual Funds. Just like you can list a number of Mutual Funds advantages, you will find drawbacks of Mutual Funds as well if you do a market research. Some of the common drawbacks of Mutual Funds in India are listed below:
Disadvantages of Mutual Funds in India
There are several shortcomings of Mutual Funds in India. Some of these Mutual drawbacks are as follows:
No Guarantees: Every investment comes with some sort of risk. If the value of an entire stock market falls, it will directly affect the mutual fund shares as its values will also decline, irrespective of the portfolio balance. However, the risks involved in mutual funds are much lesser than buying and selling of stocks on your own. This is because when you are investing through a mutual fund you do not have this risk of money loss.
Taxes: In a typical year, the mutual funds which are most efficiently managed have the capacity to sell anywhere from 20 - 70 % of their portfolio securities. If the money you invest in Mutual Fund earns a profit, you will be required to pay the taxes on the dividend received by you. You have to pay the taxes even if you make your money reinvest in Mutual Fund.
Fees and Commissions: An administrative fee is required by all kinds of funds to meet the expenses. There are many funds which even charge commission on sales or "loads" to pay financial consultants, brokers, financial institutions or financial planners. If you buy stocks or shares from Load Fund, you have to pay a commission on sales irrespective of the fact that you are consulting a financial advisor or a broker.
Risk Management: It depends on the right decision of the fund manager that you will get a satisfactory return or not. This is unlike Index Funds where there is no management risk involved because of the absence of managers.
Advantages of Mutual Fund
Advantages
A Mutual Fund can be defined as a trust wherein the savings of the investors with the same financial goal are pooled in. The collected money then goes for investment in capital market instruments. These can include debentures, shares and other such securities. These investments in turn yield an income. The income and capital appreciation are distributed amongst its unit holders. The advantages of mutual funds are many. Some of the advantages of mutual funds in India are listed below:
Mutual Funds Advantages
There are several advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund and that is why more and more people are taking to it. Some of the major benefits of mutual funds in India are as follows:
Diversification: The top Indian mutual funds create their portfolio designs in such a manner that the interested individuals who invest in mutual funds react differently even under similar economic conditions. This can be explained with an example. An increase in the rates of interest may lead to the diminishing of the asset value of securities in the portfolios. Again, an increase in the value may result to the appreciation in value of the other set of portfolio securities. Over time, a balance is created in the portfolio which leads to an overall increase of the portfolio, even if some security values diminish.
Professional Management: A majority of the mutual funds in India employ the leading professionals in their investments management. These managers make decisions on what securities, the buying and selling of the funds will take place.
Regulatory oversight: There are certain rules and regulations framed by the government which every Mutual fund are required to follow. This is to protect the investors from any fraudulent activities.
Liquidity: Getting your money out from the mutual fund is no difficult task. All you have to do is just write a check, make a telephone call and you are done.
Convenience: Mutual fund shares can be bought via phone, mail, or even over Internet.
Low cost: The expenses of the Mutual fund seldom cross the 1.5 % mark of the investment you make. The Index Funds expenses are usually lesser. Instead, the company stocks are bought by them which are found on the specific index.
Ease of process: Investing in a mutual fund is easy if you are a bank account holder and you posses a PAN card. All you will need to do is fill up the application form, attach the PAN card (for transactions over Rs 50,000), sign the cheque and your Mutual Fund investment is complete.
Well regulated: The SEBI (Securities Exchange Board of India) regulates the India mutual funds for the security and convenience of the investors. SEBI ensures that a transparency is maintained by keeping a strict vigilance on the mutual funds. This keeps the investor informed and helps him/her to make his/her choice. To keep a track whether the investment in Mutual Fund is in line with the objective or not, SEBI demands the disclosure of portfolios once in every six months.
A Mutual Fund can be defined as a trust wherein the savings of the investors with the same financial goal are pooled in. The collected money then goes for investment in capital market instruments. These can include debentures, shares and other such securities. These investments in turn yield an income. The income and capital appreciation are distributed amongst its unit holders. The advantages of mutual funds are many. Some of the advantages of mutual funds in India are listed below:
Mutual Funds Advantages
There are several advantages of investing in a Mutual Fund and that is why more and more people are taking to it. Some of the major benefits of mutual funds in India are as follows:
Diversification: The top Indian mutual funds create their portfolio designs in such a manner that the interested individuals who invest in mutual funds react differently even under similar economic conditions. This can be explained with an example. An increase in the rates of interest may lead to the diminishing of the asset value of securities in the portfolios. Again, an increase in the value may result to the appreciation in value of the other set of portfolio securities. Over time, a balance is created in the portfolio which leads to an overall increase of the portfolio, even if some security values diminish.
Professional Management: A majority of the mutual funds in India employ the leading professionals in their investments management. These managers make decisions on what securities, the buying and selling of the funds will take place.
Regulatory oversight: There are certain rules and regulations framed by the government which every Mutual fund are required to follow. This is to protect the investors from any fraudulent activities.
Liquidity: Getting your money out from the mutual fund is no difficult task. All you have to do is just write a check, make a telephone call and you are done.
Convenience: Mutual fund shares can be bought via phone, mail, or even over Internet.
Low cost: The expenses of the Mutual fund seldom cross the 1.5 % mark of the investment you make. The Index Funds expenses are usually lesser. Instead, the company stocks are bought by them which are found on the specific index.
Ease of process: Investing in a mutual fund is easy if you are a bank account holder and you posses a PAN card. All you will need to do is fill up the application form, attach the PAN card (for transactions over Rs 50,000), sign the cheque and your Mutual Fund investment is complete.
Well regulated: The SEBI (Securities Exchange Board of India) regulates the India mutual funds for the security and convenience of the investors. SEBI ensures that a transparency is maintained by keeping a strict vigilance on the mutual funds. This keeps the investor informed and helps him/her to make his/her choice. To keep a track whether the investment in Mutual Fund is in line with the objective or not, SEBI demands the disclosure of portfolios once in every six months.
HANUMAN CHALISA with meaning
Shree Guru Charan Saroj Raj, Nij Man Mukar Sudhari,
Barnau Raghuvar Bimal Jasu, Jo dayaku Phal Chari
With the dust of Guru's Lotus feet, I clean the mirror of my mind and then
narrate the sacred glory of Sri Ram Chandra, The Supereme among the Raghu
dynasty. The giver of the four attainments of life.
Budhi heen Tanu Janike, Sumirow, Pavan Kumar,
Bal Buddhi Vidya Dehu Mohi, Harahu Kalesh Bikaar
Knowing myself to be ignorent, I urge you, O Hanuman, The son of Pavan! O
Lord! kindly Bestow on me strength, wisdom and knowledge, removing all my
miseries and blemishes.
Jai Hanuman Gyan Guna Sagar
Jai Kipis Tihun Lok Ujgaar
Victory of Thee, O Hanuman, Ocean of wisdom and virtue, victory to the Lord of
monkeys who is well known in all the three worlds
Ramdoot Atulit Bal Dhamaa,
Anjani Putra Pavansut naamaa.
You, the Divine messager of Ram and repository of immeasurable strength, are also
known as Anjaniputra and known as the son of the wind - Pavanputra.
Mahebeer Bikram Bajrangi,
Kumati Nivaar Sumati Ke Sangi.
Oh Hanumanji! You are valiant and brave, with a body like lightening. You are the
dispeller of darkness of evil thoughts and companion of good sense and wisdom.
Kanchan Baran Biraaj Subesaa,
Kanan kundal kunchit kesa.
Shri Hanumanji's physique is golden coloured. His dress is pretty, wearing
'Kundals' ear-rings and his hairs are long and curly.
Hath Bajra Aur Dhvaja Birjai,
Kandhe Moonj Janeu saage.
Shri Hanumanji is holding in one hand a lighting bolt and in the other a banner
with sacred thread across his shoulder.
Shankar Suvna Kesari Nandan,
Tej Pratap Maha Jag Vandan.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the emanation of 'SHIVA' and you delight Shri Keshri.
Being ever effulgent, you and hold vast sway over the universe. The entire
world proptiates. You are adorable of all.
Vidyavaan Guni Ati Chatur,
Ram Kaj Karibe Ko Atur
Oh! Shri Hanumanji! You are the repository learning, virtuous, very wise and
highly keen to do the work of Shri Ram,
Prabhu Charittra Sunibe Ko Rasiya,
Ram Lakhan Sita man basyia.
You are intensely greedy for listening to the naration of Lord Ram's lifestory and
revel on its enjoyment. You ever dwell in the hearts of Shri Ram-Sita and Shri
Lakshman.
Sukshma roop Dhari Siyahi Dikhwana,
Bikat roop Dhari Lank Jarawa
You appeared beofre Sita in a diminutive form and spoke to her, while you
assumed an awesome form and struck terror by setting Lanka on fire.
Bhim roop Dhari Asur Sanhare,
Ramchandra Ke kaaj Savare.
He, with his terrible form, killed demons in Lanka and performed all acts of Shri
Ram.
Laye Sajivan Lakhan Jiyaye,
Shri Raghubir harashi ur laye.
When Hanumanji made Lakshman alive after bringing 'Sanjivni herb' Shri Ram
took him in his deep embrace, his heart full of joy.
Raghupati Kinhi Bahut Badaai,
Tum Mama Priya Bharat Sam Bahi.
Shri Ram lustily extolled Hanumanji's excellence and remarked, "you are as dear
to me as my own brother Bharat"
Sahastra Badan Tumharo Jas Gaave,
Asa kahi Shripati Kanth Laagave.
Shri Ram embraced Hanumanji saying:
"Let the thousand - tongued sheshnaag sing your glories"
Sankadik Brahmadi Muneesa,
Narad Sarad Sahit Aheesa
Sanak and the sages, saints. Lord Brahma, the great hermits Narad and
Goddess Saraswati along with Sheshnag the cosmic serpent, fail to sing the
glories of Hanumanji exactly
Jam Kuber Digpal Jahan Te,
Kabi Kabid Kahin Sake Kahan Te
What to talk of denizens of the earth like poets and scholars ones etc even Gods
like Yamraj, Kuber, and Digpal fail to narrate Hanman's greatness in toto.
Tum Upkar Sugrivahi Keenha,
Ram Miali Rajpad Deenha
Hanumanji! You rendered a great service for Sugriva, It were you who united
him with SHRI RAM and installed him on the Royal Throne.
Tumharo Mantro Bibhishan Maana,
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sab Jag Jaana.
By heeding your advice. Vibhushan became Lord of Lanka, which is known all
over the universe.
Juug Sahastra Jojan Par Bhaanu,
Leelyo Taahi Madhur Phal Jaanu
Hanumanji gulped, the SUN at distance of sixteen thousand miles considering
it to be a sweet fruit.
Prabhu Mudrika Meli Mukha Maaheen,
Jaladhi Langhi Gaye Acharaj Naheen.
Carrying the Lord's ring in his mouth, he went across the ocean. There is no
wonder in that.
Durgam Kaaj Jagat Ke Jeete,
Sugam Anugrah Tumhre Te Te.
Oh Hanumanji! all the difficult tasks in the world are rendered easiest by your
grace.
Ram Duware Tum Rakhavare,
Hot Na Aagya Bin Paisare.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the sentinel at the door of Ram's mercy mansion or His
divine abode. No one may enter without your permission.
Sab Sukh Lahen Tumhari Sarna,
Tum Rakshak Kaahu Ko Darnaa.
By your grace one can enjoy all happiness and one need not have any fear under
your protection.
Aapan Tej Samharo Aapei,
Tanau Lok Hank Te Kanpei
When you roar all the three worlds tremble and only you can control your might.
Bhoot Pisaach Nikat Nahi Avei,
Mahabir Jab Naam Sunavei.
Great Brave on. Hanumanji's name keeps all the Ghosts, Demons & evils spirits
away from his devotees.
Nasei Rog Hare Sab Peera,
Japat Niranter Hanumant Beera
On reciting Hanumanji's holy name regularly all the maladies perish the entire
pain disappears.
Sankat Te Hanuman Chhudavei,
Man Kram Bachan Dhyan Jo Lavei.
Those who rembember Hanumanji in thought, word and deed are well guarded
against their odds in life.
Sub Par Ram Tapasvee Raaja,
Tinke Kaaj Sakal Tum Saaja
Oh Hanumanji! You are the caretaker of even Lord Rama, who has been hailed as
the Supreme Lord and the Monarch of all those devoted in penances.
Aur Manorath Jo Koi Lave,
Soi Amit Jivan Phal Pave.
Oh Hanumanji! You fulfill the desires of those who come to you and bestow
the eternal nectar the highest fruit of life.
Charo Juung Partap Tumhara,
Hai Parsiddha Jagat Ujiyara.
Oh Hanumanji! You magnificent glory is acclaimed far and wide all through the
four ages and your fame is radianlty noted all over the cosmos.
Sadho Sant Ke Tum Rakhvare,
Asur Nikandan Ram Dulare.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the saviour and the guardian angel of saints and sages
and destroy all the Demons, you are the seraphic darling of Shri Ram.
Ashta Siddhi Nau Nidhi Ke Data,
Asa Bar Din Janki Mata.
Hanumanji has been blessed with mother Janki to grant to any one any YOGIC
power of eight Sidhis and Nava Nidhis as per choice.
Ram Rasayan Tumhare Pasa,
Sadaa Raho Raghupati Ke Dasa.
Oh Hanumanji! You hold the essence of devotion to RAM, always remaining His
Servant.
Tumhare Bhajan Ramko Pavei.
Janam Janam Ke Dukh Bisravei.
Oh Hanumanji! through devotion to you, one comes to RAM and becames free
from suffering of several lives.
Anta Kaal Raghubar Pur Jai,
Jahan Janma Hari Bhakta Kahai.
After death he enters the eternal abode of Sri Ram and remains a devotee of
him, whenever, taking new birth on earth.
Aur Devata Chitt Na Dharai,
Hanumant Sei Sarva Sukh Karai
You need not hold any other demigod in mind. Hanumanji alone will give all
happiness.
Sankat Kate Mitey Sab Peera,
Jo Sumirei Hanumant Balbeera
Oh Powerful Hanumanji! You end the sufferings and remove all the pain from
those who remember you.
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosai
Kripa Karahu Gurudev Ki Naiee
Hail-Hail-Hail- Lord Hanumanji! I beseech you Honour to bless me in the
capacity of my supreme 'GURU' (teacher).
Jo Sat Baar Paath Kar Koi,
Chhutahi Bandi Maha Sukh Hoi.
One who recites this Hanuman Chalisa one hundred times daily for one hundred
days becames free from the bondage of life and death and ejoys the highest
bliss at last.
Jo Yah Padhe Hanuman Chalisa,
Hoy Siddhi Sakhi Gaurisa
As Lord Shankar witnesses, all those who recite Hanuman Chalisa regularly are
sure to be benedicted
Tulsidas Sada Hari Chera,
Keeje Nath Hriday Mah Dera.
Tulsidas always the servant of Lord prays. "Oh my Lord! You enshrine within my
heart.!
Chopai
Pavan Tanay Sankat Haran , Mangal Murti Roop.
Ram Lakhan Sita Sahit, Hriday Basahu Sur Bhoop.
O Shri Hanuman, The Son of Pavan, Saviour The Embodiment of
blessings, reside in my heart together with Shri Ram, Laxman and Sita
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Barnau Raghuvar Bimal Jasu, Jo dayaku Phal Chari
With the dust of Guru's Lotus feet, I clean the mirror of my mind and then
narrate the sacred glory of Sri Ram Chandra, The Supereme among the Raghu
dynasty. The giver of the four attainments of life.
Budhi heen Tanu Janike, Sumirow, Pavan Kumar,
Bal Buddhi Vidya Dehu Mohi, Harahu Kalesh Bikaar
Knowing myself to be ignorent, I urge you, O Hanuman, The son of Pavan! O
Lord! kindly Bestow on me strength, wisdom and knowledge, removing all my
miseries and blemishes.
Jai Hanuman Gyan Guna Sagar
Jai Kipis Tihun Lok Ujgaar
Victory of Thee, O Hanuman, Ocean of wisdom and virtue, victory to the Lord of
monkeys who is well known in all the three worlds
Ramdoot Atulit Bal Dhamaa,
Anjani Putra Pavansut naamaa.
You, the Divine messager of Ram and repository of immeasurable strength, are also
known as Anjaniputra and known as the son of the wind - Pavanputra.
Mahebeer Bikram Bajrangi,
Kumati Nivaar Sumati Ke Sangi.
Oh Hanumanji! You are valiant and brave, with a body like lightening. You are the
dispeller of darkness of evil thoughts and companion of good sense and wisdom.
Kanchan Baran Biraaj Subesaa,
Kanan kundal kunchit kesa.
Shri Hanumanji's physique is golden coloured. His dress is pretty, wearing
'Kundals' ear-rings and his hairs are long and curly.
Hath Bajra Aur Dhvaja Birjai,
Kandhe Moonj Janeu saage.
Shri Hanumanji is holding in one hand a lighting bolt and in the other a banner
with sacred thread across his shoulder.
Shankar Suvna Kesari Nandan,
Tej Pratap Maha Jag Vandan.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the emanation of 'SHIVA' and you delight Shri Keshri.
Being ever effulgent, you and hold vast sway over the universe. The entire
world proptiates. You are adorable of all.
Vidyavaan Guni Ati Chatur,
Ram Kaj Karibe Ko Atur
Oh! Shri Hanumanji! You are the repository learning, virtuous, very wise and
highly keen to do the work of Shri Ram,
Prabhu Charittra Sunibe Ko Rasiya,
Ram Lakhan Sita man basyia.
You are intensely greedy for listening to the naration of Lord Ram's lifestory and
revel on its enjoyment. You ever dwell in the hearts of Shri Ram-Sita and Shri
Lakshman.
Sukshma roop Dhari Siyahi Dikhwana,
Bikat roop Dhari Lank Jarawa
You appeared beofre Sita in a diminutive form and spoke to her, while you
assumed an awesome form and struck terror by setting Lanka on fire.
Bhim roop Dhari Asur Sanhare,
Ramchandra Ke kaaj Savare.
He, with his terrible form, killed demons in Lanka and performed all acts of Shri
Ram.
Laye Sajivan Lakhan Jiyaye,
Shri Raghubir harashi ur laye.
When Hanumanji made Lakshman alive after bringing 'Sanjivni herb' Shri Ram
took him in his deep embrace, his heart full of joy.
Raghupati Kinhi Bahut Badaai,
Tum Mama Priya Bharat Sam Bahi.
Shri Ram lustily extolled Hanumanji's excellence and remarked, "you are as dear
to me as my own brother Bharat"
Sahastra Badan Tumharo Jas Gaave,
Asa kahi Shripati Kanth Laagave.
Shri Ram embraced Hanumanji saying:
"Let the thousand - tongued sheshnaag sing your glories"
Sankadik Brahmadi Muneesa,
Narad Sarad Sahit Aheesa
Sanak and the sages, saints. Lord Brahma, the great hermits Narad and
Goddess Saraswati along with Sheshnag the cosmic serpent, fail to sing the
glories of Hanumanji exactly
Jam Kuber Digpal Jahan Te,
Kabi Kabid Kahin Sake Kahan Te
What to talk of denizens of the earth like poets and scholars ones etc even Gods
like Yamraj, Kuber, and Digpal fail to narrate Hanman's greatness in toto.
Tum Upkar Sugrivahi Keenha,
Ram Miali Rajpad Deenha
Hanumanji! You rendered a great service for Sugriva, It were you who united
him with SHRI RAM and installed him on the Royal Throne.
Tumharo Mantro Bibhishan Maana,
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sab Jag Jaana.
By heeding your advice. Vibhushan became Lord of Lanka, which is known all
over the universe.
Juug Sahastra Jojan Par Bhaanu,
Leelyo Taahi Madhur Phal Jaanu
Hanumanji gulped, the SUN at distance of sixteen thousand miles considering
it to be a sweet fruit.
Prabhu Mudrika Meli Mukha Maaheen,
Jaladhi Langhi Gaye Acharaj Naheen.
Carrying the Lord's ring in his mouth, he went across the ocean. There is no
wonder in that.
Durgam Kaaj Jagat Ke Jeete,
Sugam Anugrah Tumhre Te Te.
Oh Hanumanji! all the difficult tasks in the world are rendered easiest by your
grace.
Ram Duware Tum Rakhavare,
Hot Na Aagya Bin Paisare.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the sentinel at the door of Ram's mercy mansion or His
divine abode. No one may enter without your permission.
Sab Sukh Lahen Tumhari Sarna,
Tum Rakshak Kaahu Ko Darnaa.
By your grace one can enjoy all happiness and one need not have any fear under
your protection.
Aapan Tej Samharo Aapei,
Tanau Lok Hank Te Kanpei
When you roar all the three worlds tremble and only you can control your might.
Bhoot Pisaach Nikat Nahi Avei,
Mahabir Jab Naam Sunavei.
Great Brave on. Hanumanji's name keeps all the Ghosts, Demons & evils spirits
away from his devotees.
Nasei Rog Hare Sab Peera,
Japat Niranter Hanumant Beera
On reciting Hanumanji's holy name regularly all the maladies perish the entire
pain disappears.
Sankat Te Hanuman Chhudavei,
Man Kram Bachan Dhyan Jo Lavei.
Those who rembember Hanumanji in thought, word and deed are well guarded
against their odds in life.
Sub Par Ram Tapasvee Raaja,
Tinke Kaaj Sakal Tum Saaja
Oh Hanumanji! You are the caretaker of even Lord Rama, who has been hailed as
the Supreme Lord and the Monarch of all those devoted in penances.
Aur Manorath Jo Koi Lave,
Soi Amit Jivan Phal Pave.
Oh Hanumanji! You fulfill the desires of those who come to you and bestow
the eternal nectar the highest fruit of life.
Charo Juung Partap Tumhara,
Hai Parsiddha Jagat Ujiyara.
Oh Hanumanji! You magnificent glory is acclaimed far and wide all through the
four ages and your fame is radianlty noted all over the cosmos.
Sadho Sant Ke Tum Rakhvare,
Asur Nikandan Ram Dulare.
Oh Hanumanji! You are the saviour and the guardian angel of saints and sages
and destroy all the Demons, you are the seraphic darling of Shri Ram.
Ashta Siddhi Nau Nidhi Ke Data,
Asa Bar Din Janki Mata.
Hanumanji has been blessed with mother Janki to grant to any one any YOGIC
power of eight Sidhis and Nava Nidhis as per choice.
Ram Rasayan Tumhare Pasa,
Sadaa Raho Raghupati Ke Dasa.
Oh Hanumanji! You hold the essence of devotion to RAM, always remaining His
Servant.
Tumhare Bhajan Ramko Pavei.
Janam Janam Ke Dukh Bisravei.
Oh Hanumanji! through devotion to you, one comes to RAM and becames free
from suffering of several lives.
Anta Kaal Raghubar Pur Jai,
Jahan Janma Hari Bhakta Kahai.
After death he enters the eternal abode of Sri Ram and remains a devotee of
him, whenever, taking new birth on earth.
Aur Devata Chitt Na Dharai,
Hanumant Sei Sarva Sukh Karai
You need not hold any other demigod in mind. Hanumanji alone will give all
happiness.
Sankat Kate Mitey Sab Peera,
Jo Sumirei Hanumant Balbeera
Oh Powerful Hanumanji! You end the sufferings and remove all the pain from
those who remember you.
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosai
Kripa Karahu Gurudev Ki Naiee
Hail-Hail-Hail- Lord Hanumanji! I beseech you Honour to bless me in the
capacity of my supreme 'GURU' (teacher).
Jo Sat Baar Paath Kar Koi,
Chhutahi Bandi Maha Sukh Hoi.
One who recites this Hanuman Chalisa one hundred times daily for one hundred
days becames free from the bondage of life and death and ejoys the highest
bliss at last.
Jo Yah Padhe Hanuman Chalisa,
Hoy Siddhi Sakhi Gaurisa
As Lord Shankar witnesses, all those who recite Hanuman Chalisa regularly are
sure to be benedicted
Tulsidas Sada Hari Chera,
Keeje Nath Hriday Mah Dera.
Tulsidas always the servant of Lord prays. "Oh my Lord! You enshrine within my
heart.!
Chopai
Pavan Tanay Sankat Haran , Mangal Murti Roop.
Ram Lakhan Sita Sahit, Hriday Basahu Sur Bhoop.
O Shri Hanuman, The Son of Pavan, Saviour The Embodiment of
blessings, reside in my heart together with Shri Ram, Laxman and Sita
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How can cyanide affect children?
Like adults, children can be exposed to cyanide by breathing air, drinking water, touching soil or water, or eating foods that contain cyanide, but the amounts are usually low. Breathing second-hand tobacco smoke is a more important source of cyanide exposure for children. Serious exposures can occur when children accidentally eat certain fruit pits, such as apricot kernels, containing a cyanide-releasing substance. A high blood level of thiocyanate is a sign of cyanide exposure in children, as well as adults. If a pregnant mother is exposed to cyanide, for example, by exposure to tobacco smoke, the fetus will be exposed to both cyanide and thiocyanate crossing the placenta. Animal studies show that cyanide and thiocyanate can be transferred into milk and pass to nursing baby animals, and suggest that this may also occur in humans.
Effects reported in exposed children are like those seen in exposed adults. Children who ate large quantities of apricot pits, which naturally contain cyanide as part of complex sugars, had rapid breathing, low blood pressure, headaches, and coma, and some died. Cyanide has not been reported to directly cause birth defects in people. However, among people in the tropics who eat cassava root, children have been born with thyroid disease because of the mothers' exposure to cyanide and thiocyanate during pregnancy. Birth defects occurred in rats that ate cassava root diets, and harmful effects on the reproductive system occurred in rats and mice that drank water containing sodium cyanide.
Effects reported in exposed children are like those seen in exposed adults. Children who ate large quantities of apricot pits, which naturally contain cyanide as part of complex sugars, had rapid breathing, low blood pressure, headaches, and coma, and some died. Cyanide has not been reported to directly cause birth defects in people. However, among people in the tropics who eat cassava root, children have been born with thyroid disease because of the mothers' exposure to cyanide and thiocyanate during pregnancy. Birth defects occurred in rats that ate cassava root diets, and harmful effects on the reproductive system occurred in rats and mice that drank water containing sodium cyanide.
What is water pillow?
A water-based pillow is not simply a pillow that's filled with water. Rather, in addition to having a water pouch which is secured at the bottom, the pillow has a polyester fiber layer that floats over the top. In this sense, the pillow could more accurately be called a water / fiber hybrid pillow.
One of the most important things to know about water-based pillows is that they have been shown in several credible studies, including a published clinical study conducted at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, to reduce pain and improve quality of sleep.
One of the most important things to know about water-based pillows is that they have been shown in several credible studies, including a published clinical study conducted at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, to reduce pain and improve quality of sleep.
17 February, 2009
Types Of Mutual Fund In India- Brief Idea
These days, different types of Indian Mutual Fund Schemes have come up which cater to your various financial needs like financial position, return expectations, risk tolerance and others. Here is a list of the different types of Mutual Fund in India
Indian Mutual Fund Schemes
[1]Open-ended Mutual Fund Schemes in India - There is no fixed maturity for the open-ended mutual fund schemes. One has to deal directly with the Mutual Fund for his/her redemptions and investments. Liquidity is the key feature here. Buying and selling of the units becomes convenient at the related prices of the NAV (net asset value). Some of the open-ended fund schemes in India are ING OptiMix Active Debt Multi - Manager FoF Scheme, ICICI Prudential Very Cautious Plan and Birla Sun Life AAF - Aggressive Plan.
[2]Close-ended Mutual Fund Schemes in India - Close -ended schemes are those which have a specified maturity period (which generally ranges from 2 - 15 years). At the time of initial public issue one can make direct investment in the scheme and can also get the benefit of buying and selling of the units. Due to demand and supply in the market plus the policy holders' expectations and various other market factors, the market price may vary from NAV (Net Asset Value). Some of the close-ended fund schemes in India are ING Vysya Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund and Kotak Dynamic Asset Allocation Scheme.
[3]Tax-saving Mutual fund Schemes in India - Individuals, companies, partnership firms, and body corporate are some of the investing parties in the various Mutual Funds available in the market primarily to enjoy the benefits of tax saving. The Indian Mutual Funds are guided by principles of general contract framed by SEBI. It provides certain tax benefits to the fund holders. It is mandatory that tax benefits should be declared in a column which reads "objects of the offering". SBI Mutual Funds, Prudential ICICI and Bajaj Capital are some of the tax saving Mutual fund companies in India.
Indian Mutual Fund Schemes
[1]Open-ended Mutual Fund Schemes in India - There is no fixed maturity for the open-ended mutual fund schemes. One has to deal directly with the Mutual Fund for his/her redemptions and investments. Liquidity is the key feature here. Buying and selling of the units becomes convenient at the related prices of the NAV (net asset value). Some of the open-ended fund schemes in India are ING OptiMix Active Debt Multi - Manager FoF Scheme, ICICI Prudential Very Cautious Plan and Birla Sun Life AAF - Aggressive Plan.
[2]Close-ended Mutual Fund Schemes in India - Close -ended schemes are those which have a specified maturity period (which generally ranges from 2 - 15 years). At the time of initial public issue one can make direct investment in the scheme and can also get the benefit of buying and selling of the units. Due to demand and supply in the market plus the policy holders' expectations and various other market factors, the market price may vary from NAV (Net Asset Value). Some of the close-ended fund schemes in India are ING Vysya Dynamic Asset Allocation Fund and Kotak Dynamic Asset Allocation Scheme.
[3]Tax-saving Mutual fund Schemes in India - Individuals, companies, partnership firms, and body corporate are some of the investing parties in the various Mutual Funds available in the market primarily to enjoy the benefits of tax saving. The Indian Mutual Funds are guided by principles of general contract framed by SEBI. It provides certain tax benefits to the fund holders. It is mandatory that tax benefits should be declared in a column which reads "objects of the offering". SBI Mutual Funds, Prudential ICICI and Bajaj Capital are some of the tax saving Mutual fund companies in India.
Oxygen In Drinking Water Supply
As rainwater falls through the atomosphere, it collects oxygen gas. This dissolved oxygen is not the same as the oxygen in the water molecule. Dissolved oxygen is present in all rainwaters and surface supplies due to contact with the atmosphere. Just how much dissolved oxygen a water supply will contain depends on
Several factors:
1. Under high pressure relatively large quantities of oxygen dissolve in water. When the pressure is reduced, a proportionate weight of the gas escapes (Henry's Law).
Henry's Law. The English chemist, William Henry, formulated a law regarding the effect of pressure on a gas. The law states: The weight of a gas that dissolves in any given liquid is directly proportional to the pressure, providing the temperature remains constant. If one gram of oxygen, for example, dissolves in 100 cubic centimeters of water at atmospheric pressure, two grams of oxygen will dissolve under twice the normal atmospheric pressure, providing there has been no change in temperature.
2. The amount of minerals in a water affects its ability to dissolve oxygen. Distilled water can absorb more oxygen than well waters with higher mineral content. Obviously sea water, for this same reason, holds less dissolved oxygen than fresh water.
Well waters usually contain smaller amounts of dissolved oxygen than surface supplies. In deep wells there may be a total absence of the gas. However, an article in Science Magazine, June 11, 1982, pages 1227-30, states:
Contrary to the prevailing notion that oxygen-depleting reactions in the soil zone and in the aquifer rapidly reduce the dissolved oxygen content of recharge water to detection limits, 2 to 8 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen is present in water from a variety of deep (100 to 1000 meters) aquifers in Nevada, Arizona, and the hot springs of the folded Appalachians and Arkansas. Most of the waters sampled are several thousand to more than 10,000 years old, and some are 80 kilometers from their point of recharge.
Oxygen adds to the taste of water. For this reason a small amount of it is desirable in drinking water. We are all familiar with the "flat" taste which water often possesses after it has been standing in an open container for some time. The taste can be improved simply by shaking the water in a partially filled bottle. This reintroduced oxygen into the water will give it a more appealing taste. Despite this desirable feature, dissolved oxygen can be a source of serious trouble in a household water supply. The fact is that oxygen causes corrosion. In cold water, oxygen normally has little corrosive effect. In contrast, when the water is heated, the oxygen can cause serious corrosion problems.
A number of chemicals are used in industry to remove oxygen from a water supply. Sodium sulfite (Na2S03) is probably most widely used for this purpose. It reacts with oxygen at high temperatures to form sodium sulfate (Na2S04), in this way reducing the oxygen. There are a number of chemicals that react similarly with oxygen to effect its removal. The degree of success varies. For household purposes treatment is normally limited to the use of polyphosphates to coat the insides of water lines to protect the metal from contact with the oxygen.
Several factors:
1. Under high pressure relatively large quantities of oxygen dissolve in water. When the pressure is reduced, a proportionate weight of the gas escapes (Henry's Law).
Henry's Law. The English chemist, William Henry, formulated a law regarding the effect of pressure on a gas. The law states: The weight of a gas that dissolves in any given liquid is directly proportional to the pressure, providing the temperature remains constant. If one gram of oxygen, for example, dissolves in 100 cubic centimeters of water at atmospheric pressure, two grams of oxygen will dissolve under twice the normal atmospheric pressure, providing there has been no change in temperature.
2. The amount of minerals in a water affects its ability to dissolve oxygen. Distilled water can absorb more oxygen than well waters with higher mineral content. Obviously sea water, for this same reason, holds less dissolved oxygen than fresh water.
Well waters usually contain smaller amounts of dissolved oxygen than surface supplies. In deep wells there may be a total absence of the gas. However, an article in Science Magazine, June 11, 1982, pages 1227-30, states:
Contrary to the prevailing notion that oxygen-depleting reactions in the soil zone and in the aquifer rapidly reduce the dissolved oxygen content of recharge water to detection limits, 2 to 8 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen is present in water from a variety of deep (100 to 1000 meters) aquifers in Nevada, Arizona, and the hot springs of the folded Appalachians and Arkansas. Most of the waters sampled are several thousand to more than 10,000 years old, and some are 80 kilometers from their point of recharge.
Oxygen adds to the taste of water. For this reason a small amount of it is desirable in drinking water. We are all familiar with the "flat" taste which water often possesses after it has been standing in an open container for some time. The taste can be improved simply by shaking the water in a partially filled bottle. This reintroduced oxygen into the water will give it a more appealing taste. Despite this desirable feature, dissolved oxygen can be a source of serious trouble in a household water supply. The fact is that oxygen causes corrosion. In cold water, oxygen normally has little corrosive effect. In contrast, when the water is heated, the oxygen can cause serious corrosion problems.
A number of chemicals are used in industry to remove oxygen from a water supply. Sodium sulfite (Na2S03) is probably most widely used for this purpose. It reacts with oxygen at high temperatures to form sodium sulfate (Na2S04), in this way reducing the oxygen. There are a number of chemicals that react similarly with oxygen to effect its removal. The degree of success varies. For household purposes treatment is normally limited to the use of polyphosphates to coat the insides of water lines to protect the metal from contact with the oxygen.
Asthma could start in the womb- Latest Research
Children born in heavy traffic areas could be at greater risk of developing asthma due to genetic changes brought on by pollution and acquired in the womb, researchers said.
The new study conducted by researchers from the University of Cincinnati (UC) and Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health is published in the journal PLoS ONE.
The researchers studied umbilical cord blood from New York City children, and discovered evidence of a possible new biomarker — an epigenetic alteration in the gene ACSL3 — associated with prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
They pointed out that such chemical compounds are created as byproducts of incomplete combustion from carbon-containing fuels, resulting in high levels in heavy-traffic areas. Past studies have linked exposure to PAHs to diseases like cancer and childhood asthma.
The researchers said that their latest finding provides a potential clue for predicting environmentally related asthma in children, particularly those born to mothers who live in high-traffic areas while pregnant.
The team claim that theirs is the first study to examine the effects of prenatal ambient air pollutant exposure on epigenetic changes — which may disrupt the normal functioning of genes by affecting their expression but do not cause structural changes or mutations in the genes-linked to asthma.
Working in collaboration with researchers from Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health, the team studied the relationship between prenatal PAH exposure and childhood asthma, hypothesizing that transplacental exposure to PAHs could “reprogram” foetal genes and lead to airway inflammation or asthma during childhood.
“Our data support the concept that environmental exposures can interact with genes during key developmental periods to trigger disease onset later in life, and that tissues are being reprogrammed to become abnormal later,” says Shuk-mei Ho, senior author of the paper, chair of UC’s Department of Environmental Health and the director of the Center for Environmental Genetics.
The researchers used biological specimens from the CCCEH birth cohort of mothers and children living in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx, and analysed umbilical cord white blood cell samples from 56 children for epigenetic alterations related to prenatal PAH exposure.
The new study conducted by researchers from the University of Cincinnati (UC) and Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health is published in the journal PLoS ONE.
The researchers studied umbilical cord blood from New York City children, and discovered evidence of a possible new biomarker — an epigenetic alteration in the gene ACSL3 — associated with prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
They pointed out that such chemical compounds are created as byproducts of incomplete combustion from carbon-containing fuels, resulting in high levels in heavy-traffic areas. Past studies have linked exposure to PAHs to diseases like cancer and childhood asthma.
The researchers said that their latest finding provides a potential clue for predicting environmentally related asthma in children, particularly those born to mothers who live in high-traffic areas while pregnant.
The team claim that theirs is the first study to examine the effects of prenatal ambient air pollutant exposure on epigenetic changes — which may disrupt the normal functioning of genes by affecting their expression but do not cause structural changes or mutations in the genes-linked to asthma.
Working in collaboration with researchers from Columbia’s Mailman School of Public Health, the team studied the relationship between prenatal PAH exposure and childhood asthma, hypothesizing that transplacental exposure to PAHs could “reprogram” foetal genes and lead to airway inflammation or asthma during childhood.
“Our data support the concept that environmental exposures can interact with genes during key developmental periods to trigger disease onset later in life, and that tissues are being reprogrammed to become abnormal later,” says Shuk-mei Ho, senior author of the paper, chair of UC’s Department of Environmental Health and the director of the Center for Environmental Genetics.
The researchers used biological specimens from the CCCEH birth cohort of mothers and children living in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx, and analysed umbilical cord white blood cell samples from 56 children for epigenetic alterations related to prenatal PAH exposure.
15 February, 2009
Highlights of the INTERIM BUDGET
Following are the highlights of the interim budget presented by acting finance minister Pranab Mukherjee in the Lok Sabha Monday:
*Budgetary support increased for Ministries of Rural Development, Road Transport & Highway, Power, Railways, Industrial Policy & Promotion and IT.
*Rs 40,000 crore relief extended through tax cuts to counter economic slowdown.
* Defence allocation increased to Rs1,41,703cr in wake of Mumbai attacks.
* Revised fiscal deficit estimated at 6 per cent of GDP as against 2.5 per cent in the Budget estimate. Revised revenue deficit placed at 4.4 per cent as against 1 per cent in the Budget estimate for 2008-09.
*Fiscal deficit has gone up from Rs 133,287 crore in the budget estimates to Rs 326,515 crore in the revised estimates for 2008-09.
*Rs 40,000 crore relief extended through tax cuts to counter economic slowdown.
*Budget estimate for expenditure for 2009-10 put at Rs 953,231 crore. This includes Rs 285,145 crore for plan expenditure while non-plan spend put at Rs 668,883 crore.
* India remains second-fastest growing economy in the world
* Economy expected to grow 7.1 percent this fiscal
* Need to make economic growth inclusive
* Government spent Rs.70,000 (Rs.700 billion) crore on 37 infrastructure projects in 2008-09
* Under public-private partnership (PPP), 54 central infrastructure projects approved
* Total expenditure of PPP projects estimated at Rs.67,700 crore (Rs.677 billion)
* India Infrastructure Finance Company to raise Rs.10,000 crore (Rs.100 billion) by end-March
* India has weathered inflation crisis, but no room for complacency
* Country's agriculture outlook is encouraging
* Focussed attention to agriculture
* Plan allocation for farm sector hiked 300 percent in past five years
* Three-fold increase in short-term agriculture credit to Rs.250,000 crore (Rs.2,500 billion)
* Farm debt worth Rs.65,300 crore (Rs.653 billion) waived
* Government will continue to provide additional subsidy to farmers
* Corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund hiked to Rs.14,000 crore (Rs.140 billion) from Rs.5,500 crore (Rs.55 billion)
* Outlay for higher education hiked 900 percent for 11th Five Year Plan
* Country's social security net will be strengthened
* Record foreign direct investment of $32.4 billion attracted
* Global economic situation not encouraging
* Extraordinary situation merits extraordinary measures
* Need to consider additional fiscal measures in regular budget
* Financial sector reforms need to be accelerated
* In past three years, India grew by average of over 9 percent
* Per capita income expanded by 4.7 percent per annum
* Fiscal deficit was brought down from 4.5 percent to 2.7 percent
* Revenue deficit was cut from 3.6 percent to 1.1 percent
* Exports increased 26.4 percent per annum
* Foreign trade increased from 27.3 percent to 35.5 percent
* Tax to gross domestic product ratio expanded by 9.2 to 12.5 percent
* Agriculture grew by 3.7 percent per annum
Last year's financial highlights:
In past three years, India grew by average of over 9 percent
Exports grew at average annual growth rate of 26.4%
Gross domestic saving rate at 37.7%
Domestic investment rate at 39% in FY 08
Per capita income increased 7.4% per annum during the UPA govt's tenure
The GDP went from 7.5% in 04-05 to 9.7% in 06-07 and clocked 9% in 08
Fiscal deficit was brought down from 4.5 percent to 2.7 percent
Revenue deficit was cut from 3.6 percent to 1.1 percent
Foreign trade increased from 27.3 percent to 35.5 percent
Tax to gross domestic product ratio expanded by 9.2 to 12.5 percent
Agriculture grew by 3.7 percent per annum
*Budgetary support increased for Ministries of Rural Development, Road Transport & Highway, Power, Railways, Industrial Policy & Promotion and IT.
*Rs 40,000 crore relief extended through tax cuts to counter economic slowdown.
* Defence allocation increased to Rs1,41,703cr in wake of Mumbai attacks.
* Revised fiscal deficit estimated at 6 per cent of GDP as against 2.5 per cent in the Budget estimate. Revised revenue deficit placed at 4.4 per cent as against 1 per cent in the Budget estimate for 2008-09.
*Fiscal deficit has gone up from Rs 133,287 crore in the budget estimates to Rs 326,515 crore in the revised estimates for 2008-09.
*Rs 40,000 crore relief extended through tax cuts to counter economic slowdown.
*Budget estimate for expenditure for 2009-10 put at Rs 953,231 crore. This includes Rs 285,145 crore for plan expenditure while non-plan spend put at Rs 668,883 crore.
* India remains second-fastest growing economy in the world
* Economy expected to grow 7.1 percent this fiscal
* Need to make economic growth inclusive
* Government spent Rs.70,000 (Rs.700 billion) crore on 37 infrastructure projects in 2008-09
* Under public-private partnership (PPP), 54 central infrastructure projects approved
* Total expenditure of PPP projects estimated at Rs.67,700 crore (Rs.677 billion)
* India Infrastructure Finance Company to raise Rs.10,000 crore (Rs.100 billion) by end-March
* India has weathered inflation crisis, but no room for complacency
* Country's agriculture outlook is encouraging
* Focussed attention to agriculture
* Plan allocation for farm sector hiked 300 percent in past five years
* Three-fold increase in short-term agriculture credit to Rs.250,000 crore (Rs.2,500 billion)
* Farm debt worth Rs.65,300 crore (Rs.653 billion) waived
* Government will continue to provide additional subsidy to farmers
* Corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund hiked to Rs.14,000 crore (Rs.140 billion) from Rs.5,500 crore (Rs.55 billion)
* Outlay for higher education hiked 900 percent for 11th Five Year Plan
* Country's social security net will be strengthened
* Record foreign direct investment of $32.4 billion attracted
* Global economic situation not encouraging
* Extraordinary situation merits extraordinary measures
* Need to consider additional fiscal measures in regular budget
* Financial sector reforms need to be accelerated
* In past three years, India grew by average of over 9 percent
* Per capita income expanded by 4.7 percent per annum
* Fiscal deficit was brought down from 4.5 percent to 2.7 percent
* Revenue deficit was cut from 3.6 percent to 1.1 percent
* Exports increased 26.4 percent per annum
* Foreign trade increased from 27.3 percent to 35.5 percent
* Tax to gross domestic product ratio expanded by 9.2 to 12.5 percent
* Agriculture grew by 3.7 percent per annum
Last year's financial highlights:
In past three years, India grew by average of over 9 percent
Exports grew at average annual growth rate of 26.4%
Gross domestic saving rate at 37.7%
Domestic investment rate at 39% in FY 08
Per capita income increased 7.4% per annum during the UPA govt's tenure
The GDP went from 7.5% in 04-05 to 9.7% in 06-07 and clocked 9% in 08
Fiscal deficit was brought down from 4.5 percent to 2.7 percent
Revenue deficit was cut from 3.6 percent to 1.1 percent
Foreign trade increased from 27.3 percent to 35.5 percent
Tax to gross domestic product ratio expanded by 9.2 to 12.5 percent
Agriculture grew by 3.7 percent per annum
25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea
Green tea has increasingly become a very popular drink worldwide because of its immensely powerful health benefits.
It is extraordinarily amazing what green tea can do for your health.
And if you're not drinking 3 to 4 cups of green tea today, you're definitely NOT doing your health a big favor.
Here Are The 25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea Right Now:
1. Green Tea and Cancer
Green tea helps reduce the risk of cancer.
The antioxidant in green tea is 100 times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times better than vitamin E.
This helps your body at protecting cells from damage believed to be linked to cancer.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-cancer.html
2. Green Tea and Heart Disease
Green tea helps prevent heart disease and stroke by lowering the level of cholesterol.
Even after the heart attack, it prevents cell deaths and speeds up the recovery of heart cells.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-heart-disease.html
3. Green Tea and Anti-Aging
Green tea contains antioxidant known as polyphenols which fight against free radicals.
What this means it helps you fight against aging and promotes longevity.
4. Green Tea and Weight Loss
Green tea helps with your body weight loss. Green tea burns fat and boosts your metabolism rate naturally.
It can help you burn up to 70 calories in just one day.
That translates to 7 pounds in one year.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-weight-loss.html
5. Green Tea and Skin
Antioxidant in green tea protects the skin from the harmful effects of free radicals, which cause wrinkling and skin aging.
Green tea also helps fight against skin cancer.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-skin.html
6. Green Tea and Arthritis
Green tea can help prevent and reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Green tea has benefit for your health as it protects the cartilage by blocking the enzyme that destroys cartilage.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-arthritis.html
7. Green Tea and Bones
The very key to this is high fluoride content found in green tea.
It helps keep your bones strong.
If you drink green tea every day, this will help you preserve your bone density.
8. Green Tea and Cholesterol
Green tea can help lower cholesterol level.
It also improves the ratio of good cholesterol to bad cholesterol, by reducing bad cholesterol level.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-cholesterol.html
9. Green Tea and Obesity
Green tea prevents obesity by stopping the movement of glucose in fat cells.
If you are on a healthy diet, exercise regularly and drink green tea, it is unlikely you'll be obese.
10. Green Tea and Diabetes
Green tea improves lipid and glucose metabolisms, prevents sharp increases in blood sugar level, and balances your metabolism rate.
http://www.finegreentea.com/diabetes-and-green-tea.html
11. Green Tea and Alzheimer's
Green tea helps boost your memory.
And although there's no cure for Alzheimer's, it helps slow the process of reduced acetylcholine in the brain, which leads to Alzheimer's.
12. Green Tea and Parkinson's
Antioxidants in green tea helps prevent against cell damage in the brain, which could cause Parkinson's. People drinking green tea also are less likely to progress with Parkinson's.
13. Green Tea and Liver Disease
Green tea helps prevent transplant failure in people with liver failure. Researches showed that green tea destroys harmful free radicals in fatty livers.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-liver.html
14. Green Tea and High Blood Pressure
Green tea helps prevent high blood pressure.
Drinking green tea helps keep your blood pressure down by repressing angiotensin, which leads to high blood pressure.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-high-blood-pressure.html
15. Green Tea and Food Poisoning
Catechin found in green tea can kill bacteria which causes food poisoning and kills the toxins produced by those bacteria.
16. Green Tea and Blood Sugar
Blood sugar tends to increase with age, but polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea help lower your blood sugar level.
17. Green Tea and Immunity
Polyphenols and flavenoids found in green tea help boost your immune system, making your health stronger in fighting against infections.
18. Green Tea and Cold and Flu
Green tea prevents you from getting a cold or flu.
Vitamin C in green tea helps you treat the flu and the common cold.
19. Green Tea and Asthma
Theophylline in green tea relaxes the muscles which support the bronchial tubes, reducing the severity of asthma.
20. Green Tea and Ear Infection
Green tea helps with ear infection problem.
For natural ear cleaning, soak a cotton ball in green tea and clean the infected ear.
21. Green Tea and Herpes
Green tea increases the effectiveness of topical interferon treatment of herpes.
First green tea compress is applied, and then let the skin dry before the interferon treatment.
22. Green Tea and Tooth Decay
Green tea destroys bacteria and viruses that cause many dental diseases.
It also slows the growth of bacteria which leads to bad breath.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-tooth-decay.html
23. Green Tea and Stress
L-theanine, which is a kind of amino acids in green tea, can help relieve stress and anxiety.
24. Green Tea and Allergies
EGCG found in green tea relieves allergies.
So, if you have allergies, you should really consider drinking green tea.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-allergy.html
25. Green Tea and HIV
Scientists in Japan have found that EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) in green tea can stop HIV from binding to healthy immune cells.
What this means is that green tea can help stop the HIV virus from spreading.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-hiv.html
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It is extraordinarily amazing what green tea can do for your health.
And if you're not drinking 3 to 4 cups of green tea today, you're definitely NOT doing your health a big favor.
Here Are The 25 Reasons Why You Should Start Drinking Green Tea Right Now:
1. Green Tea and Cancer
Green tea helps reduce the risk of cancer.
The antioxidant in green tea is 100 times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times better than vitamin E.
This helps your body at protecting cells from damage believed to be linked to cancer.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-cancer.html
2. Green Tea and Heart Disease
Green tea helps prevent heart disease and stroke by lowering the level of cholesterol.
Even after the heart attack, it prevents cell deaths and speeds up the recovery of heart cells.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-heart-disease.html
3. Green Tea and Anti-Aging
Green tea contains antioxidant known as polyphenols which fight against free radicals.
What this means it helps you fight against aging and promotes longevity.
4. Green Tea and Weight Loss
Green tea helps with your body weight loss. Green tea burns fat and boosts your metabolism rate naturally.
It can help you burn up to 70 calories in just one day.
That translates to 7 pounds in one year.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-weight-loss.html
5. Green Tea and Skin
Antioxidant in green tea protects the skin from the harmful effects of free radicals, which cause wrinkling and skin aging.
Green tea also helps fight against skin cancer.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-skin.html
6. Green Tea and Arthritis
Green tea can help prevent and reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Green tea has benefit for your health as it protects the cartilage by blocking the enzyme that destroys cartilage.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-arthritis.html
7. Green Tea and Bones
The very key to this is high fluoride content found in green tea.
It helps keep your bones strong.
If you drink green tea every day, this will help you preserve your bone density.
8. Green Tea and Cholesterol
Green tea can help lower cholesterol level.
It also improves the ratio of good cholesterol to bad cholesterol, by reducing bad cholesterol level.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-cholesterol.html
9. Green Tea and Obesity
Green tea prevents obesity by stopping the movement of glucose in fat cells.
If you are on a healthy diet, exercise regularly and drink green tea, it is unlikely you'll be obese.
10. Green Tea and Diabetes
Green tea improves lipid and glucose metabolisms, prevents sharp increases in blood sugar level, and balances your metabolism rate.
http://www.finegreentea.com/diabetes-and-green-tea.html
11. Green Tea and Alzheimer's
Green tea helps boost your memory.
And although there's no cure for Alzheimer's, it helps slow the process of reduced acetylcholine in the brain, which leads to Alzheimer's.
12. Green Tea and Parkinson's
Antioxidants in green tea helps prevent against cell damage in the brain, which could cause Parkinson's. People drinking green tea also are less likely to progress with Parkinson's.
13. Green Tea and Liver Disease
Green tea helps prevent transplant failure in people with liver failure. Researches showed that green tea destroys harmful free radicals in fatty livers.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-liver.html
14. Green Tea and High Blood Pressure
Green tea helps prevent high blood pressure.
Drinking green tea helps keep your blood pressure down by repressing angiotensin, which leads to high blood pressure.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-and-high-blood-pressure.html
15. Green Tea and Food Poisoning
Catechin found in green tea can kill bacteria which causes food poisoning and kills the toxins produced by those bacteria.
16. Green Tea and Blood Sugar
Blood sugar tends to increase with age, but polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea help lower your blood sugar level.
17. Green Tea and Immunity
Polyphenols and flavenoids found in green tea help boost your immune system, making your health stronger in fighting against infections.
18. Green Tea and Cold and Flu
Green tea prevents you from getting a cold or flu.
Vitamin C in green tea helps you treat the flu and the common cold.
19. Green Tea and Asthma
Theophylline in green tea relaxes the muscles which support the bronchial tubes, reducing the severity of asthma.
20. Green Tea and Ear Infection
Green tea helps with ear infection problem.
For natural ear cleaning, soak a cotton ball in green tea and clean the infected ear.
21. Green Tea and Herpes
Green tea increases the effectiveness of topical interferon treatment of herpes.
First green tea compress is applied, and then let the skin dry before the interferon treatment.
22. Green Tea and Tooth Decay
Green tea destroys bacteria and viruses that cause many dental diseases.
It also slows the growth of bacteria which leads to bad breath.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-tooth-decay.html
23. Green Tea and Stress
L-theanine, which is a kind of amino acids in green tea, can help relieve stress and anxiety.
24. Green Tea and Allergies
EGCG found in green tea relieves allergies.
So, if you have allergies, you should really consider drinking green tea.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-allergy.html
25. Green Tea and HIV
Scientists in Japan have found that EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) in green tea can stop HIV from binding to healthy immune cells.
What this means is that green tea can help stop the HIV virus from spreading.
http://www.finegreentea.com/green-tea-hiv.html
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Economy to slowdown further: CII
New Delhi: Projecting that the Indian economy is likely to slow down further and grow by below seven per cent in the second half of this fiscal, industry chamber CII has asked the government to announce further stimuli to prop up growth.
In a report on State of the Economy, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) also asked the RBI to signal more cut in interest rates, given subdued prices which may fall further during 2009-10.
The overwhelming services sector, which remained buoyant despite global crisis, may be hit by decline in overall business prospects.
"However, as business opportunities dry up in sectors such as banking and finance, real estate, trade, hotels and transportation, there is a potential for further slowdown in the services sector," the chamber said.
It further said that only social and personal services are likely to remain buoyant, as it would be driven by the government spending.
On growth in investment, CII said recession is likely to result into further deceleration, while the government and private consumption would remain less affected.
In a report on State of the Economy, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) also asked the RBI to signal more cut in interest rates, given subdued prices which may fall further during 2009-10.
The overwhelming services sector, which remained buoyant despite global crisis, may be hit by decline in overall business prospects.
"However, as business opportunities dry up in sectors such as banking and finance, real estate, trade, hotels and transportation, there is a potential for further slowdown in the services sector," the chamber said.
It further said that only social and personal services are likely to remain buoyant, as it would be driven by the government spending.
On growth in investment, CII said recession is likely to result into further deceleration, while the government and private consumption would remain less affected.
14 February, 2009
Nice Quotes
IN A DAY, WHEN YOU DON'T COME ACROSS ANY PROBLEMS - YOU CAN BE SURE THAT YOU ARE TRAVELLING IN A WRONG PATH -
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
2. 3 SENTENCES FOR GETTING SUCCESS
a) KNOW MORE THAN OTHER
B) WORK MORE THAN OTHER
C) EXPECT LESS THAN OTHER
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
3.IF YOU WIN YOU NEED NOT EXPLAIN ... BUT IF YOU LOSE YOU SHOULD NOT BE THERE TO EXPLAIN -
ADOLPH HITLER
4)DON'T COMPARE YOURSELF WITH ANYONE IN THIS WORLD .IF YOU DO SO, YOU ARE INSULTING YOURSELF -
ALEN STRIKE
5)IF WE CANNOT LOVE THE PERSON WHOM WE SEE,HOW CAN WE LOVE GOD,WHOM WE CANNOT SEE ? ---
MOTHER THERESA
6)NO MAN IS RICH ENOUGH TO BUY HIS PAST - -
OSCAR WILDE
7) IF YOU WANT REAL PEACE DON'T TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS , TALK WITH YOUR ENEMIES - - -
MOTHER THERESA
8) WINNING DOESN'T ALWAYS MEAN BEING FIRST , WINNING MEANS YOU'RE DOING BETTER THAN YOU'VE DONE BEFORE - - -
BONNIE BLAIR
9) EVERYONE THINKS OF CHANGING THE WORLD , BUT NO ONE THINKS OF CHANGING HIMSELF . - - -
LEO TOLSTOY
10) I WILL NOT SAY I FAILED 1000 TIMES , I WILL SAY THAT I DISCOVERED THERE ARE 1000 WAYS THAT CAN CAUSE FAILURE - -
THOMAS EDISON
11) BELIEVING EVERYBODY IS DANGEROUS; BELIEVING NOBODY IS VERY DANGEROUS --
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
12) LOVE YOUR JOB BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNEW WHEN IT STOPS LOVING YOU ... - -
ABDUL KALAM
13) IF SOMEONE FEELS THAT THEY HAD NEVER MADE A MISTAKE IN THEIR LIFE,THEN IT MEANS THEY HAD NEVER TRIED A NEW THING IN THEIR LIFE - - - - -
EINSTEIN
14) NEVER BREAK FOUR THINGS IN YOUR LIFE
TRUST ,PROMISE,RELATION,HEART BECAUSE WHEN THEY BREAK THEY DON'T MAKE NOISE BUT PAINS A LOT
CHARLES
15) IF YOU START JUDGING PEOPLE YOU WILL BE HAVING NO TIME TO LOVE THEM - - - - -
MOTHER THERESA
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA
2. 3 SENTENCES FOR GETTING SUCCESS
a) KNOW MORE THAN OTHER
B) WORK MORE THAN OTHER
C) EXPECT LESS THAN OTHER
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
3.IF YOU WIN YOU NEED NOT EXPLAIN ... BUT IF YOU LOSE YOU SHOULD NOT BE THERE TO EXPLAIN -
ADOLPH HITLER
4)DON'T COMPARE YOURSELF WITH ANYONE IN THIS WORLD .IF YOU DO SO, YOU ARE INSULTING YOURSELF -
ALEN STRIKE
5)IF WE CANNOT LOVE THE PERSON WHOM WE SEE,HOW CAN WE LOVE GOD,WHOM WE CANNOT SEE ? ---
MOTHER THERESA
6)NO MAN IS RICH ENOUGH TO BUY HIS PAST - -
OSCAR WILDE
7) IF YOU WANT REAL PEACE DON'T TALK TO YOUR FRIENDS , TALK WITH YOUR ENEMIES - - -
MOTHER THERESA
8) WINNING DOESN'T ALWAYS MEAN BEING FIRST , WINNING MEANS YOU'RE DOING BETTER THAN YOU'VE DONE BEFORE - - -
BONNIE BLAIR
9) EVERYONE THINKS OF CHANGING THE WORLD , BUT NO ONE THINKS OF CHANGING HIMSELF . - - -
LEO TOLSTOY
10) I WILL NOT SAY I FAILED 1000 TIMES , I WILL SAY THAT I DISCOVERED THERE ARE 1000 WAYS THAT CAN CAUSE FAILURE - -
THOMAS EDISON
11) BELIEVING EVERYBODY IS DANGEROUS; BELIEVING NOBODY IS VERY DANGEROUS --
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
12) LOVE YOUR JOB BUT NEVER FALL IN LOVE WITH YOUR COMPANY BECAUSE YOU NEVER KNEW WHEN IT STOPS LOVING YOU ... - -
ABDUL KALAM
13) IF SOMEONE FEELS THAT THEY HAD NEVER MADE A MISTAKE IN THEIR LIFE,THEN IT MEANS THEY HAD NEVER TRIED A NEW THING IN THEIR LIFE - - - - -
EINSTEIN
14) NEVER BREAK FOUR THINGS IN YOUR LIFE
TRUST ,PROMISE,RELATION,HEART BECAUSE WHEN THEY BREAK THEY DON'T MAKE NOISE BUT PAINS A LOT
CHARLES
15) IF YOU START JUDGING PEOPLE YOU WILL BE HAVING NO TIME TO LOVE THEM - - - - -
MOTHER THERESA
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